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Early Life
De Ruyter was born in 1607 in Flushing, son of a beer porter, and became a sailor at the age of 11 in 1618. In 1622 he fought as a musketeer against the Spaniards in the Dutch army under Maurice of Nassau during the relief of Bergen-op-Zoom before once again joining the Dutch merchant fleet, steadily working his way up. In the years between 1623 an 1631, according to English sources he worked in Dublin as an agent for the Vlissingen based merchant house of the Lampsins brothers. Although no Dutch source has any data about his where-abouts in these years, it's a fact that De Ruyter spoke Irish fluently. Occasionally he would travel as supercargo to the Mediterranean or the Barbary Coast. In 1631 he married for the first time to a farmer's daughter named Maayke Velders. The marriage did not last long: late 1631 Maayke died after giving birth to a daughter who followed her mother in death shortly after. It's unknown how De Ruyter, who during this time still simply referred to himself as 'Michael Adriaensoon' (son of Adriaen) coped with the loss; information about his life during this period is very scarce.
In 1633 De Ruyter set sail for Jan Mayen Island serving as first mate on a fleet of five to hunt for whales; he did the same in 1634 and 1635; at this point he probably did not yet have a command of his own. In the summer of 1636 he married again, this time to a woman named Neeltje Engels, daughter of a wealthy burgher, who would give him four children. One of these would die quickly, the others were named Adriaen (1637), Neeltje (1639) and Aelken (1642). In the midst of this De Ruyter would receive his first true command: in 1637 he became captain of a private ship meant to hunt for Dunkirker raiders who were causing Dutch merchant shipping much loss. He sailed repeatedly in this function between 1637 an 1640. After sailing as 'schipper' of a merchant vessel named de Vlissinge for a while, he was asked by the Zeeland admiralty to become captain of the Haze, a merchant ship turned man-of-war carrying 26 guns in a fleet under admiral Gijsels fighting the Spanish, teaming up with the Portuguese during their rebellion. The Dutch fleet, with De Ruyter as third in command, beat back a Spanish-Dunkirker fleet in an action of Cape St Vincent the 4th of November 1641. After returning he bought his own ship, the Salamander, and between 1642 and 1652, mainly trading and voyaging to Morocco and the West Indies, became a wealthy merchant. During this time his esteem grew among other Dutch captains as he would regularly free christian slaves buying them at his own expense.
In 1650 De Ruyter's wife, who in 1649 had given him a second son named Engel, unexpectedly passed away. He would find a new wife in the widow Anna van Gelder: they married the 8th of January 1652. De Ruyter decided the time had now come to retire, buying a pleasant house in Flushing . However for him the blissful family life would not last long.
First Anglo-Dutch War
During the First Anglo-Dutch War (¿1652? 1654), De Ruyter was asked to join the expanding fleet as a subcommander; after initially refusing and stating he wasn't qualified enough for such a job, De Ruyter proved his worth under Admiral Maarten Tromp, winning the Battle of Plymouth. When the war ended after Tromp had been killed at the Battle of Scheveningen, De Ruyter declined an emphatic offer from Johan de Witt, who would later become a personal friend, for supreme command declaring himself 'unfit' for such a responsible job and also fearing bypassing the seniority principle would result in much jealousy from Witte de With and Johan Evertsen. Later Colonel Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam became the new Dutch supreme commander of the confederate fleet. De Ruyter - after wisely refusing to become Obdam's 'assistant '- remained in the service of the Dutch navy however and later accepted an offer from the admiralty of Amsterdam to become their Vice-Admiral on the 2nd of March 1654. He relocated with his family to the same city in 1655.
Early Life
De Ruyter was born in 1607 in Flushing, son of a beer porter, and became a sailor at the age of 11 in 1618. In 1622 he fought as a musketeer against the Spaniards in the Dutch army under Maurice of Nassau during the relief of Bergen-op-Zoom before once again joining the Dutch merchant fleet, steadily working his way up. In the years between 1623 an 1631, according to English sources he worked in Dublin as an agent for the Vlissingen based merchant house of the Lampsins brothers. Although no Dutch source has any data about his where-abouts in these years, it's a fact that De Ruyter spoke Irish fluently. Occasionally he would travel as supercargo to the Mediterranean or the Barbary Coast. In 1631 he married for the first time to a farmer's daughter named Maayke Velders. The marriage did not last long: late 1631 Maayke died after giving birth to a daughter who followed her mother in death shortly after. It's unknown how De Ruyter, who during this time still simply referred to himself as 'Michael Adriaensoon' (son of Adriaen) coped with the loss; information about his life during this period is very scarce.
In 1633 De Ruyter set sail for Jan Mayen Island serving as first mate on a fleet of five to hunt for whales; he did the same in 1634 and 1635; at this point he probably did not yet have a command of his own. In the summer of 1636 he married again, this time to a woman named Neeltje Engels, daughter of a wealthy burgher, who would give him four children. One of these would die quickly, the others were named Adriaen (1637), Neeltje (1639) and Aelken (1642). In the midst of this De Ruyter would receive his first true command: in 1637 he became captain of a private ship meant to hunt for Dunkirker raiders who were causing Dutch merchant shipping much loss. He sailed repeatedly in this function between 1637 an 1640. After sailing as 'schipper' of a merchant vessel named de Vlissinge for a while, he was asked by the Zeeland admiralty to become captain of the Haze, a merchant ship turned man-of-war carrying 26 guns in a fleet under admiral Gijsels fighting the Spanish, teaming up with the Portuguese during their rebellion. The Dutch fleet, with De Ruyter as third in command, beat back a Spanish-Dunkirker fleet in an action of Cape St Vincent the 4th of November 1641. After returning he bought his own ship, the Salamander, and between 1642 and 1652, mainly trading and voyaging to Morocco and the West Indies, became a wealthy merchant. During this time his esteem grew among other Dutch captains as he would regularly free christian slaves buying them at his own expense.
In 1650 De Ruyter's wife, who in 1649 had given him a second son named Engel, unexpectedly passed away. He would find a new wife in the widow Anna van Gelder: they married the 8th of January 1652. De Ruyter decided the time had now come to retire, buying a pleasant house in Flushing . However for him the blissful family life would not last long.
First Anglo-Dutch War
During the First Anglo-Dutch War (¿1652? 1654), De Ruyter was asked to join the expanding fleet as a subcommander; after initially refusing and stating he wasn't qualified enough for such a job, De Ruyter proved his worth under Admiral Maarten Tromp, winning the Battle of Plymouth. When the war ended after Tromp had been killed at the Battle of Scheveningen, De Ruyter declined an emphatic offer from Johan de Witt, who would later become a personal friend, for supreme command declaring himself 'unfit' for such a responsible job and also fearing bypassing the seniority principle would result in much jealousy from Witte de With and Johan Evertsen. Later Colonel Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam became the new Dutch supreme commander of the confederate fleet. De Ruyter - after wisely refusing to become Obdam's 'assistant '- remained in the service of the Dutch navy however and later accepted an offer from the admiralty of Amsterdam to become their Vice-Admiral on the 2nd of March 1654. He relocated with his family to the same city in 1655.
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